Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that occurs in children who have been exposed to alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities that can have lifelong effects on the individual. These may include facial abnormalities, growth deficits, intellectual disabilities, learning and behavioral problems, and issues with the heart, kidneys, and other organs. FAS is a preventable condition, as it is caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms by which alcohol exposure affects fetal development, identifying risk factors, and developing interventions to prevent FAS and support affected individuals.